The heterogeneous effect of democracy, economic and political globalisation on renewable energy

This paper summarises the arguments and counterarguments within scientific discussion on international cooperation’s role in combatting climate change its impacts. The primary purpose of research is to determine renewable energy development reliance democracy globalisation levels. objects for analysis are Ukraine countries with different regimes: full (Finland, Denmark, Spain), flawed (Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Czech Republic) hybrid (Ukraine, Turkey Montenegro). To gain goal, authors examined data share energy, GDP per capita, labour force gross fixed capital formation from 2012 2019. was retrieved Eurostat database, World Data Bank, KOF Swiss Economic Institute Economist Intelligence Unit. following methods tests were used: Levin, Lin, Chu test; Augmented Dickey-Fuller Fisher PhillipsPerron unit root Im, Pesaran, Shin’s panel tests. used Pedroni test cointegration among variables. Fully Modified OLS Dynamic techniques applied evaluate a statistically significant longer-term relationship between findings confirmed that regime, changes political economic provoked rapid growth compare democracy.